The Jack Cole Style

THE JACK COLE STYLE dough used many ethnic and folk styles of dance (like eastern United States Indian, flamenco, and the lindy) as a source for movements. His style was derived from dance movements performed for centuries by common people, but theatricalised for use on the stage. This is why, when pressed for a definition of his movement, loot termed it urban folk dance. When trying to describe Coles movement, it is best to identify certain predominate characteristics. A partial list would include bounce in plie with isolated bole movements with compressed or stored energy and with a keen sense of manipulating rhythm, spatial levels, and attack.The first item of dancing in plie is a key to the Cole style. Cole make great use of a wide and low second position, as well as a parallel fourth position with some(prenominal) knees bent and the back knee close to the floor. This wide stance dropped the dancers centre of gravity, and allowed the dancer to extend movement horizontally across the floor. This contrasted with the ballet dancers vertical orientation. By using an ultra smooth transition of weight from foot to foot, a slinky, sensual feel was given by him and his dancers. Coles movement is oft called cat-like, or animalistic.But plot of land the weight centre was dropped low to the floor, the torso remained very tall and erect. Coles spine was lengthened and regal, well-favoured a polished look. Even though his body was in plie, working with gravity, his torso at the same time defied gravity. This contradiction was magnified by his supple arms movements. Cole initiated arm movement from the center of the back, often involving the shoulder. This shoulder involvement in arm movement is characteristic of the way cats walk, adding to his reputation of having cat-like movement. Isolation in body movement was another key to Coles style.He made great use of side and forward thrust of the hips and shoulders, and even the head. Much of his isolations came fr om his background in Indian dance. Cole used isolations to show rhythmic extend throughout the body, and to draw the attention of the audience to specific parts of the body. MOVEMENT QUALITIES Coles dances generally had a consistent set of movement qualities. First was the used of bound and release to launch bursts of energy. In a fashion similar to a cat crouching and compressing its hind legs in order to spring at its prey, Cole used his plie level in order to launch the body and give dynamic impact to his movements.Cole dancer Buzz Miller remembers him as being a coiled spring. Another quality was that of supreme strength in movement. His dancers were rock solid, and Graciela Daniele, the well-known choreographer and director of musicals at Lincoln Center, felt that Cole dancers were warriors. An excellent interpretation of this aspect of the Cole style was given by critic Debra Jowitt, who said Cole dancing strikes me as immensely aggressive almost every communicate is de livered with maximum force, but then has to be stopped cold in mid-air to achieve the clarity of design he wanted n immense foresee effort has to be used to stop the gesture. Cole explored all spatial level in his choreography. Knee slides and floorwork were common, and it was normal for dancers to spring from the deepest plie into high, suspended leaps. He overly abhorred the smiling, happy face seen in most jazz and tap dance of the time. Instead, he preferred a cool, almost cold look in the eyes. He danced with a piercing gaze, much like a newly caged tiger, that could prod and intimidate an audience. Rhythm is integral to Coles style.Cole observed dancers at Harlems Savoy Ballroom dancing the lindy, and utilised the swing feeling in their bodies. Swing music has a drop and recovery, much like a bouncing ball, that generates new energy on each rebound. This feeling, as transformed into authentic jazz dances, gives renewed energy and attack to each subsequent movement. Cole int egrated this bounce and rebound into his movement, giving it a fresh and lively appearance. He also manipulated the dynamics of his movement, alternating passages of sharp attack with smooth sections. This

Research Article Critique

Research Article Critique Tonya L. Smith, RN Liberty University NUR 225 Research Article Critique The title of the research phrase I chose to critique is from the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Hypertension, orthostatic-hypotension, and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderlyly population The maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly Boston direct this title fits well with the content presented in the research article. The independent vari fits are clearly defined as well as the dependent variables for the research beingness conducted.The content of the abstract is a very good overview of the content and it is consistent with the content. The abstract summarizes the objective, design, setting, participants, measurements, and results. Problem/Purpose The problem being investigated is the risk of falls in the elderly population related to the effects of controlled and rampant hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. Th e authors do identify the significance of the problem as falls for being the leading cause of disability for the elder generations.Adequate background information is non provided to support the problem because the strung-out at hand has not been investigated previously (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 383). Explanation of the answer of this study being conducted is provided by the authors. Literature Review The previous research articles and their outcomes are briefly described with different amounts of metre from 1-3 minutes after individual is standing before a decrease in blood contract of 10-20mmHg would occur and be related to a fall.The purpose was to assess the association surrounded by hypertension, OH using multiple definitions, and their combination and the risk of recurrent falls in a community-dwelling elderly population (Gangavati, et al. , 2011, p. 384). The list of cardinal eight references is used is this article. There are eight references dated up to ten years old, four references dated five years old or less, and sixteen references that are more than ten years old with one of them being twenty-three years old. The authors do very briefly summarize their check into of the literature as to what is known and not known to the study.They do explain a need for further study from previous research with a wishing of knowledge in definitions of orthostatic hypertension presented. Framework/Theoretical Perspective The study is based upon a specific situation theory regarding the relationship between falls and changes in blood oblige of the elderly population older than seventy. The authors connect their theory to the study by demonstrating a connection between a change in systolic orthostatic hypotension and standing for one minute.This change in systolic orthostatic hypotension would prove to be increasing falls for the elder population with undisciplined hypertension. Research Question(s) OR Hypotheses The hypothesis was that the risk of fal ls would be highest in people with uncontrolled hypertension and in those with orthostatic hypotension. The questions at hand of the research were to assess the association between hypertension, orthostatic hypotension using different definitions, and to assess their combination and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population. VariablesThe independent variables were the total number of individuals that were seventy years old or older living within a 5-mile radius of the study. These individuals would present with no hypertension, controlled hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, and systolic orthostatic hypotension. The dependent variables are the blood mash measurements, number of falls describe, and the amount of time standing from one to three minutes. The blood pressure measurements were taken at deuce different times at two minutes apart after five minutes of rest and an average of the two would be used in the analysis.The measurements of blood pressure wer e obtained using a manual blood pressure cuff that was accurate for size. The number of falls was reported over a year of time and at the end of each month on a monthly falls calendar and only counted if they had experienced two falls. Demographics of S broad A few examples of the demographics used in the sample was 22% non-white, 64% female,70% receiving antihypertensive medications, 38% history of falls and 25% with a history of stroke. Research Design The research design used was prospective population-based study.Prospective designs are a type of longitudinal design that can be data-based or non-experimental and they are studies that begin in the present and end in the future (Schmidt & Brown, 2012, p. 158). This study was a non-experimental prospective study completed on a population of the elderly followed over a course of a year. This design was appropriate to obtain the necessary data. Subjects were not necessarily assigned to the group nevertheless they were chosen depend ing on if they lived within five miles of the study, seventy years old or older, and the ability to meet certain criteria.There was no indication of a buffer store study having been conducted. Sample/Setting The sampling criteria that had to be met were the individual had to be living in the five mile radius of the study and they had to remain in the area for three years. This research study used simple random sampling for the sampling method with equal chances of being selected, less risk of bias, and ample representation of the population. People were chosen based on ability to understand and communicate in English, ability to walk 20 feet without personal assistance, sufficient vision, and able to live in the area for at least 3 years (Gangavati, et al. 2011, p. 384). Individuals were assessed with a baseline assessment that included medical history, fall history, cognition, medication, and in-clinic evaluations of balance, and muscle strength. communicate consent was obtained from all participants by written informed consent. The setting of the study was the community this setting fit well with the studys objectives. Measurement, Methods & Instruments Kaplan-Meier curves and Multivariate cox proportional hazard modeling were used to assess the risk of falls in participants with orthostatic ypotension. Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. Wilcoxon right-down sum was used for continuous variables. A manual sphygmomanometer was used to obtain blood pressure readings. The type of measurement used was physiological measure at the ordinal level of measurement. The authors did discuss the reliability of measurements being obtained with individuals who had been trained in appropriate blood pressure techniques and for potential sources of error. information Collection The data was stash away for the number of falls by mail.The one month calendar was mailed back at the end of each month charting number of falls. Measurements for blood pressure were taken at 1 minute after standing and 3 minutes after standing, 2 blood pressures were taken while laying supine, and indeed again after resting 5 minutes. Data was collected by longitudinal design. The data was collected at home by the participant or the caregiver. Data Analysis The data analysis procedures were clearly described using description of follow-up time of truncation.The analysis listed characteristics of the groups and how they were compared. The data analysis procedures were appropriate for the type of data being collected because it was a systematic review of the data that was collected for the research study. Statistical Analyses The analysis included an alpha level of 0. 05 to determine statistical importance. This alpha level indicated that the researchers felt 95% confident in that the risk of falls in the population being tested would be related to uncontrolled hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. LimitationsThe limitations that were identified by thi s research study was a bias for number of falls through the use of a falls calendar and standing blood pressure was not measured beyond 3 minutes. The findings were to a fault limited because of the population was a majority of Caucasians, and limited to community-dwelling adults. There was also limitation on knowledge of any medication changes during this time. Other limitations I can think of is we do not know if individuals were accurately checking the blood pressure each day or was it just in the preset of the study. Implication of FindingsThe implications for nursing were not clearly described in this study. Some implications for nursing that were not described are to become more aware of orthostatic hypotension upon standing of the elderly and to oversee compliance of hypertensive medications. Further study was suggested in determine to confirm findings in a clinical trial setting. Generalization of Findings The authors did generalize the findings in this research study. They did not apply their findings beyond this study. It is not indicated in the study that they applied any findings to the population in general.Format I did not see any spelling, punctuation, or grammatical errors. The sentence structure was good. This research was difficult to defend at first but after reading it a couple of times and breaking down the information being provided it was more logical. Overall military rank The steps of the research process were logically linked together. The hypothesis of this study did make sense based on review of the literature. The method used in this research prospective population-based study and the qualitative data collected did fit well with the intent of the study.The impression this research gave was that individuals over the age of seventy are going undiagnosed with orthostatic hypotension and those with uncontrolled hypertension are at a high risk for falls. Recognition of fall risk is an important subject for me I can relate to the find ings because I work with the geriatric population in a long term care facility. Awareness needs to be raised not only to geriatric nurses but all caregivers about the importance in acknowledging the high risk of falls related to hypertension or hypotension. References Gangavati, A. , Hajjar, I. , Quach, L. Jones, R. , Kiely, D. , Gagnon, P. , & Lipsitz, L. (2011). Hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and the risk of falls in a community-dwelling elderly population the maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly of Boston study. Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society, 59 (3), 383-389. doihttp//dx. doi. org. ezproxy. liberty. edu2048/10. 1111/j. 1532-5415. 2011. 03317. x Schmidt, N. , & Brown, J. (2012). Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and application of research (2 ed. ). Valparaiso, IN Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Media †Genre Conventions of a Horror Film Essay

SettingsThe setting for a mutual exclusiveness burgeon forth is unremarkably shot in isolated, abandoned locations for causa at a haunted basement, attic or loft. This is because these settings bring into being a sense of tension and an eerie atmosphere to the listening. The more dramatic and action packed scenes atomic number 18 usually shot in the night because people are more vulnerable at this sequence and is where more scary events are expected to happen, however footage can be taken anytime during the day. Examples of locations are Graveyard, Churches, Hospitals, Basements, Attics and Lofts. abomination films are used to create a negative emotional reaction from spectator pumps by playacting on the auditory modalitys primal fears.ThemesHorror films often feature scenes that startle the viewer. Themes like the supernatural, expert vs evilness and death are comm single used in this genre. Horror films often deal with the viewers nightmares, hidden fears, and terror of the unknown. Plots within the repulsion genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event, or person, commonly of supernatural origin, into the everyday world. The presence of characters like children are used because they come crosswise as innocent to the viewer, when in the fact they hold a hidden agenda and so surprises the reference when they see the child possessed by an evil spirit. Other characters include ghosts, aliens, vampires, werewolves, curses, satanism, demons, gore, torture, vicious animals, monsters, zombies, cannibals, and serial killers. The pigboat (protagonist) is usually seen as the victim, the villain (antagonist) is usually of supernatural origin that scares the audience.Narrative structure and technicalityThe communicatory structure of horror films is commonly using Todorovs theory Equilibrium, Disruption, Resolution and new equilibrium. This is used, so the beginning of the film explains who most of the characters are and gives the audience t he chance to guess who the protagonist and antagonist are of the film before the action begins. Although the characters are usually faced with an obstacle that they reach to overmaster either alone or as a group. As the characters are in the process of resolving their problems it usually ends with a twist, and surprises the audience with the fact that the antagonist wasnt who they anticipated it to be.The technical features of horror movies are high/low tv camera angles for effect and to show power of the characters, jump cuts to show quickening of time, diegetic sounds for realism, non-diegetic sounds for example monster sounds to scare the audience and low-key lighting to emphasize a shadow effect. The technique iconography is used in horror movies for example weapons (guns and knives) , blood to show a death or someone injured, religious symbols to emphasize religious backgrounds for sheath satanic beliefs or Christianity, dark coloured clothing and costumes as well as dark a nd prevalent make up for the antagonist character to emphasize a frightening image.Target audience of horror filmsThe horror film style has changed over time, but in 1996 Scream set off a chain of copycats, leading to a new variety of teenage, horror movies. This new approach to horror films began to in stages earn more and more income as seen in the progress of Scream movies. The importance that horror films have gained in the public and producers eyes is one obvious effect on our society. Horror films income expansion is only the first sign of the influences of horror flicks. The role of women and how women see themselves in the movie industry has been altered by the horror genre. In early measure, horror films such(prenominal) as My Bloody Valentine (1981), Halloween (1978), and Friday the 13th (1980) pertained mostly to a male audience. Their master(prenominal) focus was to express the fear of women and show them as monsters however, this ideal is no extended prevalent in h orror films.Women have become not only the main audience and fans of horror films but also the main protagonists of contemporary horror films. The horror industry is producing more and more movies with the main protagonist being a female and having to evolve into a stronger person in order to overcome difficult obstacles. This main theme has drawn a larger audience of women movie-goers to the theaters in modern times than ever historically recorded. Movie makers also go as far as to integrate women relatable topics such as pregnancy, motherhood and babysitting jobs into their films in order to gain even more female point audiences

Assess The Usefulness Of Labelling Theory In Explaining Crime And Deviance

Focusing on interactionist advancees more than(prenominal) as Becker (1963) labelling theory suggests that deviancy is a genial process usually related to power differences but it doesnt explain the causes of crime. It does however explain why some people or actions are described as degenerate, and can help in brain crime and deviance. Becker argues deviance is a behaviour which has been labelled deviant by the reaction of others. This suggests that there is truly no such thing as a deviant act. An act only becomes deviant when others compass it as such.The application of a label to someone has significant consequences for how that person is treated by others and perceives him or herself. Studies such that by Jock and Young (1971) exemplify Beckers claim that there is no such thing as deviant behaviour. Interpretivist sociologists (interactionist) argue that we form our self-identity by interpreting how others respond to us and internalising the reaction. A label can have pos itive and negative effects on an individual and it helps define them in the eyes of others. Becker calls this the self-concept.Interactionist theory suggests that being labelled as deviant can actually increase deviant behaviour. For example if a person is in trouble with the police then they are more belike to resort to criminal activity or criminal behaviour. Jock Young (1971) used his study of medicate users in Notting hill to demonstrate the process of becoming deviant. The studies showed 4 different stages. Firstly, the marijuana users developed a deviant self-concept because their medicate of choice was illegal then the deviant element became their main identity in society.They were considers hippies first and foremost then the negative response of those around them and the police made the drug taking a significant part of their live and then their drug taking increased. Labelling theory is clear validates behaviour. Additionally, Lemert (1972) identifies primary and seco ndary deviance. Primary being when deviance is not publicly labelled as much secondary is deviance that follows once a person has been publicly labelled as deviant.Lemert drew a distinction between primary and secondary deviance through a study ofstuttering amongst a primordial American nation. He observed that public oratory was important among the nation yet displayed high levels of stuttering. When early days boys showed any speech defect parents reacted with such concern that the child became worried about it and more awkward causing him to stutter. Therefore the primary deviance of the speech defect was not that important, it was the effect of the worried parents, labelling the child, causing the nervousness, leading to the secondary deviance of stuttering.Thus showing that societal reaction, promoted by a concern about grumpy forms of deviance can actually produce those forms of deviance. Contrastingly there are critiques of Lemert and Beckers studies. Akers (1967) critici ses both Becker and Lemert for presenting individuals as powerless it make decisions or take control of their own identity. Deviance, according to Akers, is not something which happens to an individual, but a choice an individual makes.Goffman (1961) substantiates the idea of labelling theory via his study of a deviant career in psychical illness. He stated that the negative label of being mad is imposed on the patient by society and psychiatry, and the patient must eventually conform to it. However, critics such as Taylor, Walton and Young (1973) argue many a(prenominal) forms of behaviour are widely viewed as deviant- so deviants actually know that they are breaking the virtue or social rules before the societal reactions however they still continue to do it.Marxist sociologists accuse Interpretivist of ignoring the bureau of power in defining crime and deviance. Marxists state that certain groups have the power to influence what is separate as criminal or socially acceptable . Furthermore, Gouldner (1973) accused interactions sociologists of being fascinated with deviance, and even suggests they enjoy observing cool deviants, and hanging out with the underworld.In evaluation, it is evident that there are contrasting views on labelling and social influence on deviance. It is also evident that interactionist sociologists focus on the little things and take the micro approach to issues such as crime and deviance. They focus on interactions between individuals. One can criticise that by also focusing on the bigger picture it may be evident how the small interactions travel the larger scale infrastructure of society.

Work for something

Hannah Paramour, on keeping Strengths from Running Amok The New York succession Business Day Bryant starts the oblige by introducing Hannah Paramour , which is the present of Paramour , the digital Agency . The article thus goes in to a series of question asked by Bryant to Paramour, the first question asked was where you In leadership roles when you were younger . Paramour answered the question by saying that if you asked her mother or teacher in broad(prenominal) school she would feel as being a rebel , only if always in wedge and that everyone in her family is always willing to take on unreasonable mount of responsibility.Bryant thus followed that question up with asking what Paramour study in college at that time she told him she was a classical- piano major because she had analyze the Plano her whole life and that she found out in college that while practicing one thing for three hours a day eight hours a day was just or sothing new and was a whole other thing. Param our mat up that it didnt fit her psycheality and that she had a certain level of skill but it wasnt what she really needed to do and she was sledding to go to figure how to make money so she never graduated and went adept to black market.Bryant then asked what work she did and was told that she had terrible Jobs for the longest time and they all were Just at an entry- level. Paramour said that when she started functional for a life Insurance estate- planning she started to get promoted very fast but still wasnt expert and was getting the work done but aggressive and there was a lot of passive-aggressive going on, and that it matte weird because she kept getting promoted. Paramour says that once dot- comes came along she got an opportunity with a startup cityscapes. florists chrysanthemum and that it was exciting and new and got to try new things. Paramour also says that she learn a lot astir(predicate) transp bency and getting people aligned behind a goal and letting th em admit whats going on In the organization. At that time she decided to start her own business and that she didnt have a great business plan but decided being on her own was safer and that she learned she didnt want to be with any confederacy that want going to deliver what they said they would.Bryant then asked what Paramour has learned about civilisation as her company has grown she answered saying by asking have you comprehend the theory that weakness is a strength taken too far. Then said the best examples would be that they allowed dog In the dresser and at one point they had nine dogs In the office and at one point she Just had clarity no more dogs. She says you do the little things to build finish in a company but you have to be k with saying something may have went too far.Bryant then goes on asking about the hiring, interview process and is Paramour could interview somebody in quin minutes what she would asked she answer by saying shes not the best interviewer beca use she is very upbeat and she tend to project herself on other to try and sell them. But she always goes through the issuance values and explain how they were written and responsibility.Paramour then goes on to say if she could interview soul for only five-spot minutes she would ask how old where you when you got your first Job the reason she says she would ask this is because she would rather have someone that ad to work all throughout college then someone who got scholarship and right to MBA program then she would ask why they left their old Job Just to see if they told the truth. The last question asked by Bryant was what advice would you give to allege student the answer was get a Job, get started because most people dont know what their passion is Just starting out.Paramour ended with that she had ability to see trends and that she was fast at solving problems and that if it wasnt right they would fix it but it would be fast. After reading this article I can relate to som e of what Paramour is saying , with the whole going to college and realizing what you had plan would compound I new for me it would be a little harder with going to school working full time and having two small children and everything that they are obscure in.I would of never in a million years think I would change what I was analyze until I started to work in the medical field and realized thats it not what I wanted to do the rest of my life so I switched to something I knew I enjoyed doing when I worked for a big sell company and that was getting to know the business and human resource of the company. I also like how the culture was built with the company do think its a little crazy to have dogs in an office let alone nine of them I could see where this could go violate and could cause a unstable work environment.I also had to do interviews when worked for target UT there was a guild line that we had to go by and I dont think it allowed us to get clear picture of the employe e seeking work and I think being direct and straight forward would give you and the employee to have a chance to be honesty with one another and me personal I would rather have an honesty employee over someone that is Just going to tell me what I want to hear.I like the fact that Bryant asked if you only have five minutes what question would you ask in an interview and that Paramour said she would ask how hold the person was when the got there first Job, cause to me it shows a level of determination and responsibility and a lot about a person and that they have goals set for their self and everything wasnt handed to them.I do agree with the advice Paramour gives at the end of the article and that was to get a Job and get started, because I can say when I was 18-19 1 thought I know what I wanted to do in life but have problem changes my mind about 100 times before I really knew what it was that I wanted to do and what goals to have set for myself.Even to this day I have goals that I have not meet that I have set for myself but that isnt mean Im not still working towards them or that I dont think I can do it also the harder you have to work for something the kick downstairs work you will do and the more you appreciate things more in life and the better you will be at seeing your full potently and reaching your goal out of life. After reading this article/ interview I was able to take away that its k to change your mind and to make determination based on whats going to make you happy and to make goals and to Just go for it because you never know what the outcome could be.Also that as long as you can make a decision even if it was wrong as long as you made it fast and could fix it that it wasnt a big because it shows that things change in life and as long as you can either go with it or adapt to the change and then realize whats best for you in the long run then go with it cause the outcome could be so rewarding in the end or even be a better one. I feel as this article relates to this class because it talks about her leadership, the culture she built into the company as well as her hiring technique as a manager as well what are some of e important question to ask in an interview .

Educational Technology Essay

Educational engineering recognition is defined as the study which involves ethical practices that aid in tuition process as well as per cultivateance improvement by the subprogram of technology. applied science is usually created and managed when one is using. The term as well as involves the theories of instruction manual and breeding. Instructional theory embodies the formations and all processes that aid in learning. It also embodies other systems that ar calld in the winment of the capabilities that humans have. The definition of raisingal technology defines the tools that ar purposed to advance the learning of a student.Education technology has other braches and one of them is instructional technology that is defined as the practice and theory of designing, developing, managing and evaluating resources that ar apply in learning. It is considered to be set fall out of education technology beca spend it covers its aspects. It is said to be a growing field of stu dy that uses technology to sour the problems that keep on occurring in the learning environment. It is non popular because it has faced resistance from administrators as they present that technology is not good in class environment.(Elaine Wilson 2005, p 360) Since it offers solutions to the educational problems analysts say that it is important to use it. The main aim of instructional technology is to remove instructions from humans. Analysts continue to say that education murder humans to intervene at one point or the other. in that location are many instructors that are in the market and their work is to develop materials that facilitate long distant learning for students around the world. They develop e-learning tools with the dish of experts in the field.In this context technology refers to the materials that humans use in the process of learning or systems as well as the techniques and organization manners that are used. The modern materials that are in use today inclu de projectors, calculators and portable computers. There are genuinely many people that use the method as a form of learning and most of them are teachers and learners. The use of educational technology target be considered as applied science. The reason why it is so is because technology is a science.According to research, an educational technologist is one who can change education that is basic and prove that that genuinely education is science applied in the process of learning and issuing instructions. The history of educational technology is not very clear but according to Alison Pickard 2005 p. 178, Several decades have passed and the evidence of education technology tools has not transform the learning that takes place in the classrooms. It also has no positive influence on the people that use the method as a way of learning.Another factor is that the history of education technology has evolved very fast and the facts about its history are not clear. There are three school s that are believed to put forward the theoretical framework for educational technology. They are cognitivism, relieve oneselfivism and behaviorism. Each of the schools is present but what has changed is the evolution of the literature that is used today. Behaviorism is a framework that was used with animals to carry out experiments of learning because the animals are said to model humans. This type of theory has lost favor but is still used today.There are contributions that it brought to the maturement of education technology. One is the fact that programmed instruction has been developed. The behavior of humans change because of the environment the learning takes place. Cognitivism is what has brought changes of light to the learning of today. Since learning has undergone changes many educators view learning differently. This type of theory focuses on the explanation of how the brain promotes learning. It was brought about by human brain but since it has undergone evolution new models of cognitivism have been developed.These new models are said to have contributed much to the development of computer based education technology. The subjects that this theory has made debatable are the areas of nurture processing and cognitive load. Constructivism is another theory that educators started to consider during the 1990s. The reason that led to this was because learners construct their own interpretation of new information that they receive and as they with one another. This kind of theory requires learners to use the knowledge that they have together with the experience that they have in order to adapt new learning skills.This theory has made sure that there are learning instructors in place and they guide others to establish knowledge of their own. The educators in this theory ensure that the experiences from learning are related to concepts that are usually taught. There are round benefits that are associated with educational technology. It is the inst rument that has been used to take education to another level that it has never been before. This is because according to research education can be measured by the results that it produces.The outcome of the results has shown some(a) improvement in the sector of education thanks to the technology that the system has embraced. There are detail benefits that the system offers. One is the ease at which the materials for the course can be accessed. Most courses have websites and instructions attached for unaccented access and use. This has made the work of the learners to be easy as they do not have to physically go to school to access information as they can do this at home. The materials that are used to study are also easily accessed. Another benefit is that those who use the system are motivated to learn.This is because the system is created in such a way that it provides feedback immediately and this is a form of correction to the mistakes the student might move in in the course of learning. In addition the computer is long-suffering and cannot make a judgment over the student. This is a source of motivation for the student. According to research that was carried out by Natasha M. Speer 2005, p. 380 those who use the system as a way of learning take less season to study a particular course and develop positive attitude towards the use of computers. Widening elaboration is also another factor that is considered beneficial.This is because the materials that are used for learning are accessible over a wide distance and hence encourages participation. Education technology improves the skills in writing of a student. This is because the system has tolls that help the student to edit the work that they have written and this in turn improves the writing skills. They can also be able to exchange information that is to be edited. Subjects have been made easy to learn with the software that has been developed. There has been an increase in the software that has b een developed in order to make learning an easy process especially for teenagers and children.The software contains graphics and simulators that are attractive to look at and are appeal to the eye. Integration is also another benefit of education technology. This is brought about by the fact that technology integrates learners as they are guided by technology. (Maryl Gearhart 2004, p. 310) In conclusion, technology plays a big role in the education that takes place in the modern world today. The use of technology has made it easy for learning to take place and has increased its reliability.This is because the technology helps the students to develop new skills, ideas and solving problems that occur. Since it has become popular, it has also faced some criticism. Some say that this kind of learning does not provide physical interaction of the people that are involved in the process. Another thing is that the information that the system has depends on humans and they can make errors i n the process of developing.Work citedAlison Pickard. The role of effective intervention in promoting the value of electronic information services in the learning process Case studies in higher education.Performance Measurement and prosody 2005, 63, 172-182 Elaine Wilson. Powerful pedagogical strategies in initial teacher education. Teachers and Teaching Theory and Practice 2005, 114, 359-378 Natasha M. Speer. Issues of Methods and Theory in the Study of Mathematics Teachers Professed and Attributed Beliefs. Educational Studies in Mathematics 2005, 583, 361-391 Maryl Gearhart, Geoffrey Saxe. When Teachers hit the sack What Students Know Integrating Mathematics Assessment. Theory into Practice 2004, 434, 304-313

Re Companies at Fault or Is It the Lack of Personal Responsibility?

Are Companies At Fault? Or Is It The lack Of Personal accountability? How does one become fat? Is it the lack of responsibility of ones actions to draw florid nutrition choices, the lack of k straightledge to know if something is healthy or unhealthy for your body, or television hypnotizing the sweetheart into buying an unhealthy product? According to surgeon general, corpulency has become a health plaguey that needs to be controlled and pr eveningted. Al nigh a third of Americas population is obese and growing. Obesity is also now a wide spread topic that has caught the attention of journalists and health activists.Writers completely over America wargon an opinion on the fleshiness epidemic such as Radley Balko who wrote the article What You Eat Is Your Business. Is fleshiness a medical condition or a consequence of a persons aliment choice? In Balkos article, he argues that the authorities is attempting to control what Ameri fags consume and that obesity is ca apply by poor food choices. He tells us that the government is removing junk food and sodas from school vending machines, wanting more labeling (such as warning labels), and restricting food marketing to children. In other words, bringing government between your waist line (158). Balko speaks the government is battle obesity the wrong way by removal of the vending machine snacks, taxing more on higher calorie foods, and having restaurants send their food creations into a nutritional lab to be tested. He thinks the in force(p) way to defeat and handle obesity is to give the people a choice to want to be obese or improve your physical self. Government ought to be working to foster a soul of responsibility in and avowership of ones own health and well-being (158).Balko tells us that the best way to improve the obesity public health crisis is to remove obesity from the realm of public health (159). Balko thinks that Americans need to be able to choose healthy on their own without the go vernments interference. If America is educated about food health, the get around choice can be made. It is up to the individual to choose a salad or a denture cooked meal over a Big Mac. People are smart enough to know what to disgorge into their bodies. Another writer who wrote about obesity is John H. Banzhaf whos article is opposite of Balkos views.Banzhaf, the man who wields the law as a weapon a recognisest dissolute food companies. Banzhaf wants congress to figure out a solution for the obesity crisis and he is disappointed that congress is supporting a bill that gives dissolute food companies immunity from every(prenominal) liability. he does not think that obesity is caused by the lack of personal responsibility, he explains that the rise of obesity and obesity related diseases occurred largely within the past 15-20 years, and thither is no evidence that there has been a corresponding drop in and/or parental responsibility (163).He thinks that if law suits against toba cco companies are effective, he can have the same effectiveness against the fast food exertion. According to Banzhaf, fast food industries should be held liable for its trace role in the ascension of obesity. His thoughts on what congress should do to help go against obesity before thinking about giving fast food industries immunity is to A. have the fast food industries display information about calories and fat in their menus , B. e take aimd that all fast food restaurants provide appropriate warning about the danger of eating fattening foods too often, C. require that all fast food restaurants provide more nutritious alternative menu , and require that all food item intended for children provide fat and calorie content (165-166). Banzhafs article disagrees with Balkos argument because Banzhaf points most of the blame for obesity toward fast food and is arguing that it is not lack of responsibility, but the lack of nutritional knowledge and availability of healthy food.He wan ts the FFR to be liable for the contribution in the obesity epidemic and for not well informing their customers properly about the content of their food. Yves Engler would agree with Banzhaf with his article Obesity Much of the Responsibility Lies with Corporations. Engler begins with his article with statistics of why obesity s now a large health crisis such as claiming that almost a third of the U. S. population obese and that the rate of obesity has doubled within 13 years.He found link through researchers that obesity is plug ined to 30 other medical conditions and he intimate that the epidemic is costing billions of dollars to treat obesity related conditions, and people are putting more opinion into weight loss drugs and surgery, rather than naturally losing weight through exercise. He has discovered that FFR are more available in walking distance from a home than supermarkets. Poor areas often have had an even higher exposure to FFR and fewer super markets (174). In Engl ers studies, fast food products are consumed in greater quantities (175).The amount food you receive has increased into bigger portions and according to angler people consume 30 percent more since 1983. Companies spend billions of dollars to advertise their products and their main target are children. Engler says that animated characters and toy gain the attention of children, thus making the children have their parents come in and eat at the restaurant. Companies use draw characters, toys, and other items to have powerful influence over children (175). The soda companies invaded schools to gain profit children.Englers argument is that companies are relentless in selling their unhealthy products and succeeding in their sales. With the companys success leads to an obese America. Engler can connect with Balkos article because children/teenagers/adults need to take responsibility in their food and drink choices and consume in alleviation of the unhealthy choices. Engler also connects well with Banzhaf because Banzhaf is going against the FFR, the same as Engler is and that fast food is a key factor for the cause of obesity.Cathy Arnst has a different view on the subject on is obesity caused by a lack pr personal responsibility or is it the food we eat. Cathy Arnst does not think that obesity is caused by our lack or personal responsibility in what we eat. She emphasizes that the foods we eat have more calories than what they used to be in the past. Two new studies conclude that the food industry is following the tobacco industrys play book to ensure that we keep loading up on calories, and as a result virtually all of the weight gain in the U. S. ver the last 30 years can be attributed to eating more, not moving less (01). She say that having no physical activity plays no role in why we have an obesity epidemic. People today just eat more than what we used to in the past. Cathy can relate to Banzhaf and Engler because the problem is the food thats available. So like what Banzhaf was saying, there should be an alternative healthy menu. Finally, who really is at fault for causing the obesity epidemic? all(prenominal) writers have made good points on why this happened and good ideas of actions we should make.People are at fault for the food choices they eat and corporations are at fault for selling high calorie foods that cause fat meander to grow. Also corporation irresponsibility for targeting children mainly for buying their products through their advertisements because they are teaching a genesis to buy unhealthy foods and saying its ok. If this Epidemic is to ever be solved, instead of pointing what is causing it, make choices as an individual to make the next day healthier for yourself because every adult is responsible for their own well being.